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ma cosa mangiano le api, se gli portiamo via il miele??

867 commenti / apicoltura, miele / Di

Le api producono il miele e serve per il loro sostentamento. Ma cosa mangiano le api, se gli portiamo via il miele??

Hanno ideato questa organizzazione geniale che gli permette di stockarlo anche per i tempi piú duri. Di un’intelligenza e socialitá invidiabile e da non dar per scontata nel mondo animale. Quindi tutta sta faticaccia, millemila voli per raccogliere nettare, lavorarlo per conservarlo e poi…arriva l’apicoltore, che glielo porta via?? cos’é sta storia? Le ingiustizie e il lavoro sprecato mi hanno sempre fatta alquanto imbestialire e un giorno sí, effettivamente me lo sono chiesta (e ho chiesto a Basti, come sempre) ‘Ma scusa, se gli portiamo via il miele, le api come fanno??‘. Allora ti dico giá da subito che ti puoi rilassare 🙂 come giá accennato qui Il miele: un mondo veramente meraviglioso! – Gaeblini, il buon apicoltore fa sí che le api ce la facciano e ovviamente no, non viene preso tutto il miele. E allora adesso via: sospiro di sollievo e approfondiamo!

Lo sapevi che esiste il melario?

Prima di conoscere Basti, non avevo mai avuto un incontro ravvicinato con un’arnia. Sí, ne avevo giá viste, in televisione magari. Oppure un po’ in lontananza, passeggiando qua e lá. Tuttavia, mai e poi mai da vicino. Cosa ci vedevo? Mmm direi essenzialmente delle scatole, non eccessivamente grandi, spesso colorate, di solito su un piedistallo e nulla di piú. Da lí a capirci tutto il mondo che ci sta dietro, ce ne vuole insomma. Quale mondo? Beh, quello dell’ape ma anche quello dell’apicoltura. Come abbiamo spiegato piú nel dettaglio qua Quale arnia scegliere e in base a cosa? – Gaeblini, un’arnia é formata da delle scatole sí, ma non sono tutte uguali perché abbiamo la scatola-nido e la scatola-miele, ovvero il melario. Il miele si troverá sempre un po’ dapperttutto nell’arnia, anche nel nido, perché é il sostentamento delle api e giustamente se lo tengono anche a portata di mano. Ma parlando di melario, ricordati che lí troveremo solo miele ed é solo da lí che l’apicoltore preleverá i favi per la smielatura.

Ma facciamo un passo indietro…

L’alveare, questo superorganismo, si contrae e si espande durante l’anno. In fondo, é come se le api fossero piccole cellule di un organismo piú grande e ben organizzato (per questo si parla di superorganismo, appunto). Quindi, si contrae, si espande,…che vor dí? Vuol dire che ci sono dei momenti dell’anno in cui sono tantissime e super attive, in cui l’ape regina cova come se non ci fosse un domani (considera che fa solo quello tutto il giorno) ed in cui le bottinatrici viaggiano a tutta birra. Altri periodi dell’anno, sono poche (meno del solito se non altro) e si mettono in stand-by. Non vanno in letargo ma semplicemente in blocco, non escono dall’arnia, stanno vicine vicine per tenersi al caldo e vanno di scorte. Quindi si espandono, aumentano, in primavera ed estate in corrispondenza delle temperature piú calde e in presenza di piú fonti di nettare e polline. Al contrario, si contraggono, diminuiscono, tra l’autunno e l’inverno, quando fa freddo e la natura si assopisce.

Osserva, sperimenta, impara

Le api sono super intelligenti, ma l’uomo non é da meno 🙂 Dopo aver osservato questa espansione-contrazione, ha notato anche che le api apprezzano rifugiarsi in cavitá. In natura si rifugerebbero in tronchi d’alberi, ad esempio. Da lí é nata l’idea di riprodurre qualcosa di simile dove poterle accudire facendole sentire comunque a proprio agio. Le api sono resilienti e flessibili, quindi hanno accettato di buon grado anche queste scatole fatte dall’uomo. L’apicoltore, dal canto suo, tuttavia dev’essere attento e bravo nel prendere determinate scelte, perché queste dovrebbero andare di pari passo con il contrarsi e l’espandersi dell’alveare, quindi con le esigenze del superorganismo.

Ma in che senso? Non ho capito…

Puó sembrare un po’ contorto, ma in soldoni significa ad esempio che d’inverno, che fa freddo e le api sono poche e il loro obiettivo é tenersi al caldo, non ha senso lasciare il melario. Sarebbe solamente ulteriore spazio da scaldare, metterebbe solo in serie difficoltá il super organismo che non sarebbe in grado di mantenere la temperatura necessaria per arrivare alla stagione successiva. Mentre in primavera inoltrata, con l’alveare che scoppia di vita e le api piú laboriose che mai, lí si aggiunge spazio, si aggiunge appunto il melario, in modo da permettere al superorganismo di espandersi. Anche perché se le api sono in pieno regime, inizieranno ad avere tanta covata e se hanno troppo miele nel nido, dov’é che la regina puó deporre le uova? Serve proprio il melario a quel punto! Tuttavia, ad esempio, quando iniziano le primissime belle giornate primaverili non ti devi far cogliere dall’entusiasmo e piazzare subito il melario. Le api sono ancora poche e non cosí forti, é ancora troppo presto, non avrebbe senso aggiungerlo.

Oddio ma che ansia…e quindi come faccio a capire quando metterlo?

Non cé una risposta univoca, dipende da dove ci si trova in primis. Un semplice esempio: qua in Sassonia, é come se fossimo in ritardo di un paio di settimane rispetto alle mie zone in Italia, sia per le fioriture, che le temperature e quindi l’attivitá delle api. Ad ogni modo puó variare di anno in anno e di regione in regione. In generale il calendario va considerato relativamente, dipende tanto dal tempo atmosferico, dalle fioriture e dalle condizioni dell’alveare. Che poi se ci pensi bene le tre cose sono correlate tra loro, no? Per questo come suggeriva anche Basti qui Basti: da bimbo curiosone ad apicoltore tuttofare – Gaeblini, é meglio iniziare il percorso apistico con un esperto e poi sí sicuramente ci vuole tanta pazienza, esperienza e spirito di osservazione. Non é un qualcosa da improvvisare o da prendere sotto gamba!

Ma tornando alle api e al fatto che gli portiamo via il miele…

Ricapitolando le api hanno sempre del miele nel nido e quello che vanno a mettere nel melario é miele in eccesso, é semplicemente nella loro indole prepararne in quantitá industriali come avevamo approfondito qui Come fanno il miele le api? – Gaeblini. E a questo punto potresti chiederti “eh ok é in eccesso adesso che é estate, ma d’inverno che non escono neanche dall’arnia? Ne hanno abbastanza comunque?“. La risposta é sí, almeno il buon apicoltore fa del suo meglio per calcolare tutto nel modo giusto, perché ci tiene alle sue api.

Ma se portiamo via il miele, le api che mangiano?
Uno dei nostri favi con miele

Oltre ad avere delle proprie scorte di miele, si aggiunge un po’ di alimentazione compensativa. Noi – di solito nonno Heinz se ne occupa – prepariamo una sorta di sciroppo composto da acqua e zucchero. Praticamente un super concentrato energetico per superare l’inverno. Certo non é semplice capire quanto metterne, dipende da quanto la famiglia é forte (quante api sono, quanto spazio hanno) e quanto miele hanno di loro. Non bisogna comunque esagerare con la quantitá, perché con la primavera e il risveglio della natura, le api devono avere abbastanza spazio per la covata.

Ehi aspetta, non é che poi nel miele che mangio c’é questo sciroppo??

No no no, per quanto riguarda noi per lo meno, puoi andare sul sicuro. Considera che il melario a fine estate si toglie, rimane solo il nido e questa aggiunta viene fatta solo al nido, non raggiungerá mai il melario. Viene fatta proprio per sicurezza, per far sí che superino l’inverno. Dato che é piú facile che muoiano di fame, che di freddo.

Purtroppo non é tutto, letteralmente, rose e fiori, puó capitare che si perdano comunque delle famiglie. L’inverno scorso, che é stato particolarmente lungo, ne abbiamo perse 3 ad esempio. Effettivamente queste erano piuttosto deboli giá in partenza. Ad ogni modo, in generale, se il superorganismo é forte e sano, l’inverno non é eccessivamente lungo e hanno abbastanza scorte, non ci dovrebbero essere problemi. Insomma, un insieme di fattori da gestire con l’esperienza (e un briciolo di fortuna, quella ci vuole sempre!).

É un po’ piú chiaro ora il fatto che non gli portiamo via il miele? Capito ora cosa sta dietro tutto ció?

Ti consigliamo anche per questo di sostenere i piccoli apicoltori o il tuo apicoltore di fiducia, che sai come lavora. Fidati del buon apicoltore che fa davvero del suo meglio per rispettare le api, che sia contento di rispondere alle tue domande e mostrarti come lavora in apiario in tutta trasparenza.

Speriamo che dopo aver letto questo articolo ti mangerai il miele ancora piú volentieri 🙂 se l’hai trovato interessante, condividici o lasciaci un commento qui sotto! Ci farebbe davvero piacere!

Un abbraccio,

i Gäblini

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