Io felicemente incinta, san Valentino ormai alle porte,… l’amore che aleggia nell’aria insomma! A questo punto mi piacerebbe parlare di api e un qualcosa legato all’ammmmmore…Ti ricordi quando abbiamo parlato di come si accoppiano le api e dell’infelice fine del fuco? Ecco…a questo punto non viene da chiederti: ma se l’ape regina si accoppia solo una volta, durante questo fatidico volo nuziale…L’ape regina depone le uova, sí, ma come fa?? Tutte quelle uova che continua a deporre da dove arrivano?? Com’é che funziona la faccenda?
L’ape regina depone le uova, sí…ma come??
Allora partiamo dal fatto che il tutto funziona molto diversamente da come gira da noi o qualsiasi altro mammifero. Una volta terminato il volo nuziale, con la sua bella spermateca piena, l’ape regina torna stanca ma felice al suo alveare. Da lí inizia ad occuparsi della sua funzione principale: deporre uova a piú non posso! E considera che l’ape regina vive diversi anni, a differenza dei fuchi o delle operaie, quindi ne prepara parecchie. E cosí tuuuutto l’anno (a parte quando il superorganismo é in blocco in inverno, ovvio).
Ma solo l’ape regina depone le uova?
Mmm ni! Anche le api operaie in casi eccezionali ne depongono, ma vengono subito scartate. Difatti, anche loro sono dotate di apparato riproduttivo, ma – come spiegato dall’apicoltore esperto Fontana – sono frigide (termine tecnico eh). Ovvero, hanno gli organi riproduttivi ma non si accoppiano. Per questo motivo, eventualmente, possono dar vita solo a fuchi.
Non ho capito… perché solo maschi??
Per farla il piú semplice possibile: se l’uovo é fecondato, sará una femminuccia (operaia o regina), mentre se si tratta di un uovo non fecondato, si tratterá di un maschietto (un fuco). Perché questo? Perché l’uovo fecondato ha ricevuto una coppia di cromosomi dalla mamma ape regina e una coppia di cromosomi dal papá fuco (uno dei tanti per lo meno). Nel caso dei fuchi si ha solo la coppia di cromosomi della mamma. Questa mini lezione di genetica giusto per farti capire perché é importante che la regina abbia il suo volo nuziale…senza l’accoppiamento, non potrebbe rimpiguire l’alveare con nuove laboriose operaie!
Vero, l’ape regina depone le uova…ma se ti dicessi che c’é anche lo zampino delle operaie??
In che zenzo?? Allora tieniti forte perché questa é veramente una figata pazzesca: la regina puó decidere se deporre uova femminili o maschili e la scelta é influenzata dalle operaie! Ripeto: in che zenzo???? Le celle da covata femminile sono diverse da quelle da covata maschile, molto piú grandi. Quindi la nostra ape regina che va di qua e di lá per lasciare giú il suo ovetto, prima perlustra la cella, si fa una certa idea ‘ok, questa é grande ci facciamo un bel fuco!‘ o ‘questa é piccolina, va bene una piccola operaia’ e va avanti cosí. Le celle del favo sono costruite dalle operaie, quindi sono loro a stabilire quante femmine e quanti maschi ci vogliono (o in caso, se ci vuole una regina!)
Il foglio cereo influenza in un qualche modo la costruzione della cella?
Si, decisamente! Con il foglio cereo le api saranno piú propense a costruire celle da covata femminile visto che le cellette prestampate sono piú piccole. L’apicoltore tende a sollecitare questa esigenza perché ovviamente le operaie sono quelle che si occupano della raccolta di nettare (e quindi poi la produzione del miele) ed inoltre si dice che la varroa sia golosa in particolar modo delle larve di fuco. Insomma, un tentativo in piú per tener sotto controllo la varroa!
Anche per quanto riguarda questo aspetto, un’organizzazione ed un equilibrio coi fiocchi. L’ape regina depone le uova, vero, ma é una scelta guidata dalle operaie…un vero e proprio gioco di squadra! Che ne pensi? Sapevi di questa particolaritá delle api?
Facci sapere un po’ con un commento qui sotto 🙂
Un abbraccio,
i Gaeblini
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Ma wow! Che notizia bomba!🤩
Questa non l’avrei mai immaginata!
Da oggi in poi dirò questa cosa a chiunque parlerà con me di api🤩 e dirò di seguirvi perché non si può vivere senza il vostro appuntamento fisso della domenica❤️
Un abbraccio❤️❤️❤️